References
Better Representation
Lack of Representation
Cardiology
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
01
Johns Hopkins Medicine. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Published 2024. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm
03
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair - Yanhee Hospital Official Website. Published April 12, 2019. https://www.yanhee.net/medical-services/endovascular-aneurysm-repair/
Coronary Artery Disease treated with Percutaneous coronary intervention
01
Ahmad M, Mehta P, Reddivari AKR, Mungee S. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. PubMed. Published September 30, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556123/
02
Grech ED. Percutaneous coronary intervention. II: The procedure. BMJ : British Medical Journal. 2003;326(7399):1137-1140. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514052/
Deep Vein Thrombosis
01
Mayo Clinic. Deep vein thrombosis: Symptoms & causes. Available from:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/symptoms-causes/syc20352557. Accessed March 1, 2024.
02
NHS. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deepvein-thrombosis-dvt/. Accessed March 1, 2024.
03
NHS Inform. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Available from:https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/blood-and-lymph/deep-vein-thrombosis.Accessed March 1, 2024.
04
Heart Disease Mitigated by Ventricular support device
01
Schünke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. Atlas of Anatomy. Thieme; 2020.About heartmate 3 LVAD. Abbott. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.cardiovascular.abbott/us/en/hcp/products/heart-failure/left-ventricular-assistdevices/heartmate-3/about.html.
02
Ventricular assist device (VAD). Mayo Clinic. May 3, 2023. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ventricular-assist-device/about/pac-20384529#:~:text=A%20ventricular%20assist%20device%20(VAD,such%20as%20a%20heart%20transplant
Heart Failure
01
Colucci, W., & Borlaug, B. (n.d.). Heart failure: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis in adults. UpToDate. Retrieved August 14, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/heart-failure-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-in-adults
02
Patient.info. (2023, February 23). Congestive heart failure. Retrieved August 14, 2024, from https://patient.info/heart-health/heart-failure-leaflet
Myocardial Infarction
01
Lindahl B, Baron T, Albertucci M, Prati F. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease: Definition of MINOCA. The Official Journal of EuroPCR and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI);2021.(https://eurointervention.pcronline.com/article/myocardial-infarction-with-nonobstructive-coronary-artery-disease)
02
Niccoli G, Camici PG. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries:what is the prognosis?: Introduction. Eur Heart J Suppl.; 2020.(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7270909/)
Pericarditis
01
Pericarditis. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. October 10, 2023. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart-inflammation/pericarditis.
02
Pericarditis: Causes, symptoms and treatment. Cleveland Clinic. January 7, 2022. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17353-pericarditis.
03
Pericarditis. NHS. July 17, 2023. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pericarditis/.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
01
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Pulmonary Hypertension. National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/pulmonary-hypertension. Accessed Mar 1 2024.
02
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pulmonary Hypertension. Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and HealthPromotion. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/pulmonary_hypertension.htm.Accessed Mar 1 2024.
Transient Ischemic attack
01
3D 4Medical Ltd (2023). Complete Anatomy (version 10.0.0) [Desktop app for macOS]. App Store. Elsevier.
02
Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/transient-ischemic-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20355679. Accessed October 19, 2023.
03
BodyParts3D/Anatomography. https://lifesciencedb.jp/bp3d/?lng=en. BodyParts3D, © The Database Center for Life Science licensed under CC Attribution-Share Alike 2.1 Japan. Accessed October 19, 2023.
04
ZygoteBody (2017). https://www.zygotebody.com. Zygote Media Group, Inc. Accessed October 18, 2023.
Dermatology
Bullous Pemphigold
01
Baigrie D. Bullous pemphigoid. StatPearls [Internet]. Published March 2, 2023. Accessed March 4, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535374/
02
Bullous pemphigoid. Mayo Clinic. Published September 27, 2022. Accessed March 4, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bullous-pemphigoid/symptoms-causes/syc-20350414
Calciphylaxis
01
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Calciphylaxis. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22359-calciphylaxis
02
DermNet NZ. (n.d.). Calciphylaxis. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from https://dermnetnz.org/topics/calciphylaxis
03
Hayashi, M., & Block, G. A. (2015). Calciphylaxis: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 373(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1505292
Livedo Reticularis
02
EKİM M, EKİM H. Livedo reticularis: Clinical significance and treatment. Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences. 2021;8(18):64-70.
doi:10.38065/euroasiaorg.759
03
Sajjan V, Lunge S, Swamy M, Pandit A. Livedo reticularis: A review of the literature. Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 2015;6(5):315.
doi:10.4103/2229-5178.164493
Morphea
02
Morphea. Mayo Clinic. August 25, 2022. Accessed February 27, 2024.
04
Schünke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U, Ross LM, Lamperti ED. Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. 3rd ed. Thieme; 2011.
05
Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2019.Zancanaro PC, Isaac AR, Garcia LT, Costa IM. Esclerodermia localizada Na Criança: Aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2009;84(2):161-172. doi:10.1590/s0365-05962009000200009
Lichen Planopilaris
01
Raffi J, Suresh R, Agbai O. Clinical recognition and management of alopecia in women of color. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2019;5(5):314-319. Published 2019 Aug 22. doi:10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.08.005
02
James G, Patton. Lichen Planopilaris in Skin of Color: A Case Report. Journal of Dermatology for Physician Assistants. 2023; 17(2):p 32-33, Spring 2023. | DOI: 10.58744/001c.84282
03
Wilk M, Zelger BG, Zelger B. Lichen Planopilaris-histologic Criteria & Clues in Vertical Sections. Hair: Therapy & Transplantation. 2013; 3: 111. doi:10.4172/2167-0951.1000111
04
Nirmal B, George RE, Kodiatte TA. Invisible Lichen Planopilaris Unmasked by Dermatoscopy. International Journal of Trichology. 2017; 9, 76 - 78.DOI:10.4103/ijt.ijt_81_16
Raynaud’s phenomenon
01
Nawaz I, Nawaz Y, Nawaz E, Manan MR, Mahmood A. Raynaud’s Phenomenon: Reviewing the Pathophysiology and Management Strategies. Cureus. 2022;14(1):e21681. Published 2022 Jan 28. doi:10.7759/cureus.21681
03
Haque A, Hughes M. Raynaud’s phenomenon. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(6):580-587. doi:10.7861/clinmed.2020-0754
Dermatomyositis
01
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Dermatomyositis. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15701-dermatomyositis
02
DermNet NZ. (n.d.). Adult-onset dermatomyositis. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from
https://dermnetnz.org/topics/adult-onset-dermatomyositis
03
Hochberg, M. C., & De Horatius, R. J. (2020). Dermatomyositis. In R. D. Feigin, J. D. Cherry, G. J. Harrison, S. Kaplan, W. Steinbach, & P. Szucs (Eds.), Feigin and Cherry’s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (7th ed.). Retrieved June 13, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558917/
Impetigo
01
Pereira LB. Impetigo - review. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2014;89(2):293-299. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20142283
02
Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G. Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Aug 15;90(4):229-35. PMID: 25250996
03
Galli L, Novelli A, Ruggiero G, Stefani S, Fortina AB. Pediatric impetigo: an expert panel opinion about its main controversies. J Chemother. 2022 Sep;34(5):279-285. doi: 10.1080/1120009X.2021.1961185. Epub 2021 Aug 18. PMID: 34405763.
Urticaria
01
Kraus J, Boller T, Silvestrini MJ, Hirvonen J, Higley JD, Suomi SJ.
Early life stress and adult emotional experience: an international perspective. Dev Psychobiol. 2019;61(5): 723-749. doi:10.1002/dev.21816.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
01
William M Mendenhall, MDMark T Scarborough, MDFranklin P Flowers, MD. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and staging. UpToDate; 2024.
02
Karsidag S, Ozcan A, Karasoy Yesilada A, Yıldız K, Ugurlu K. DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS: Report of Five Cases. DergiPark; 2011.
03
William M. Mendenhall, MDMark T Scarborough, MDFranklin P Flowers, MD. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Treatment: Wide local excision. UpToDate; 2024.
Pemphigus Vulgaris
01
Rodríguez-Santiago MA, García-Marín J, Lamela-Domenech A, Vega-Martínez M. Pemphigus Vulgaris in a Black Patient: Early Recognition of Disease Saves Lives. Dermatology Online Journal [published online ahead of print date]. Accessed May 8, 2024. https://www.dermatoljournal.com/articles/pemphigus-vulgaris-in-a-black-patient-early-recognition-of-disease-saves-lives.html
03
Ingold CJ, Khan MAB. Pemphigus Vulgaris. In: StatPearls [Internet]. [Updated February 11, 2023]. Accessed May 8, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560860
04
Merck Manual Professional Version. Pemphigus Vulgaris. Accessed May 8, 2024. https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/dermatologic-disorders/bullous-diseases/pemphigus-vulgaris
Pityriasis Lichenoides Chronica
01
Dermatology Learning Network. (2022, December). Pityriasis lichenoides chronica in skin of color. Retrieved March 4, 2024, from https://www.hmpgloballearningnetwork.com/site/thederm/case-report/pityriasis-lichenoides-chronica-skin-color-0
02
Ersoy-Evans, S., Greco, M. F., Mancini, A. J., Subaşı, N., & Paller, A. S. (2007). Pityriasis lichenoides in childhood: A retrospective review of 124 patients. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 56(2), 205–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.08.023
03
Schünke, M., Schulte, E., Schumacher, U., Ross, L. M., & Lamperti, E. D. (2011). Thieme atlas of anatomy (3rd ed.). Thieme.
04
Netter, F. H. (2019). Atlas of human anatomy (7th ed.). Elsevier.
EYE DISEASE
General Health
Hematology
Maternal Health
Hot Flashes
01
Palmert, M. H., & Legro, R. S. (2007). Hot flashes: physiologic basis and clinical treatment. Maturitas, 58, 181-191.
03
Freeman, E., &頓, E. (2010). Hot flashes and night sweats: a review of the evidence for management. Maturitas, 66, 17-23.
04
North American Menopause Society. (2020). The North American Menopause Society Management of Vasomotor Symptoms. Menopause, 27, 1101-1111.
Ectopic Pregnancy
01
Hendriks E, Rosenberg R, Prine L. Ectopic Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2020 May 15;101(10):599-606. PMID: 32412215.
02
Cleveland Clinic, Ectopic Pregnancy. (https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9687-ectopic-pregnancy). Accessed 1/18/2023.
03
American Pregnancy Association. Ectopic Pregnancy (https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-complications/ectopic-pregnancy/). Accessed 1/18/2023.
Linea Nigra
02
Johnson, Robert V. (Ed.). (1994). Mayo Clinic complete book of pregnancy & baby’s first year. New York, NY: William Morrow and Company, Inc.
03
Cunningham, F. Gary, Leveno, Kenneth J., et al (2005). Maternal Physiology in Williams Obstetrics 22nd edition (126). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Breast Changes During Pregnancy
02
Alex A, Bhandary E, McGuire KP. Anatomy and Physiology of the Breast during Pregnancy and Lactation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1252:3-7. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-41596-9_1. PMID: 32816256.
Obstetric Fistula
01
World Health Organization. Obstetric fistula. www.who.int. Published February 19, 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/10-facts-on-obstetric-fistula
03
Ahmed S, Tunçalp Ö. Burden of obstetric fistula: from measurement to action. The Lancet Global Health. 2015;3(5):e243-e244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(15)70105-1
Oncology
Colon Cancer
01
Patient.info. (2023, April 16). Colon, rectal, and bowel cancer – Symptoms and treatment. Retrieved August 14, 2024, from https://patient.info/cancer/colon-rectal-bowel-cancer-colorectal
02
NHS. (2021, November 8). Bowel cancer. Retrieved August 14, 2024, from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer
Esophageal cancer
01
National Cancer Institute. Esophageal Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/types/esophageal/patient/esophageal-treatmentpdq. Accessed Mar 1 2024.
02
Johns Hopkins Medicine. Esophageal Cancer. Available at: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/esophageal-cancer. Accessed Mar 1 2024.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
01
Hirsch L, ed. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (for parents) - nemours kidshealth.KidsHealth. October 2021. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/all.html.

02
Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia treatment. National Cancer Institute. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq.
Gastric Cancer
01
Cancer Council Australia. Stomach cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.org.au/cancerinformation/types-of-cancer/stomach-cancer. Accessed March 1, 2024.
02
National Center for Biotechnology Information (US). Endocarditis. In: StatPearls [Internet].
03
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459142/. Accessed March 1, 2024.
04
Cancer.Net. Stomach Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/stomachc
Non small cell lung cancer
01
PDQ® Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Updated February 16, 2024. Accessed November 13, 2023. [PMID: 26389304]
02
3D 4Medical Ltd (2023). Complete Anatomy (version 10.0.0) [Desktop app for macOS]. App Store. Elsevi
03
Gorski Dawn, MAMS, Curtis R. Chong. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer poster (2016). Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Wolters Kluwer.
04
Gaillard F, Worsley C, Yonso M, et al. Lung cancer. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org. https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-1022. Published May 2, 2008. Accessed November 11, 2023
05
ZygoteBody (2017). https://www.zygotebody.com. Zygote Media Group, Inc. Accessed October 18, 2023.
Multiple Myeloma
01
Multiple myeloma: Symptoms, what it is, Prognosis & Treatment. Cleveland Clinic. April 5, 2022. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6178-multiple-myeloma.

02
Multiple myeloma. Mayo Clinic. September 2, 2023. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-myeloma/symptoms-causes/syc-20353378.
04
Schünke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U, Ross LM, Lamperti ED. Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. 3rd ed. Thieme; 2011.
05
Netter FH. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 7th ed. Elsevier; 2019.
Bladder Cancer
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma
01
Adult Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment. National Cancer Institute. Published 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/patient/adult-nhl-treatment-pdq
02
Lee S. The lymphatic system. Canadian Cancer Society. Published 2014. https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/what-is-cancer/lymphatic-system

03
Cleveland Clinic. B Cells: Types and Function. Cleveland Clinic. Published February 1, 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/24669-b-cells
04
Xie Y, Pittaluga S, Jaffe ES. The Histological Classification of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas. Seminars in Hematology. 2015;52(2):57-66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.01.006

Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
01
Poligone B, Querfeld C. Management of advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: role of the dermatologist in the multidisciplinary team. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(4):1081-1083. doi:10.1111/bjd.13849
03
Hinds GA, Heald P. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in skin of color. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(3):359-378. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2008.10.031
Angiosarcoma
01
Liu SS, Bellamkonda V, Phung TL. Angiosarcoma. Pathology Outlines - Angiosarcoma. March 30, 2021. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissueangiosarcoma.html.
02
Spiker AM. Angiosarcoma. StatPearls [Internet]. July 17, 2023. Accessed May 9, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441983/.
03
Mitral Valve Prolapse
01
Moorjani, N., Rana, B. S., & Wells, F. C. (2018). Operative mitral and tricuspid valve surgery. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4204-1
02
Oliveira, D., Srinivasan, J., Espino, D., Buchan, K., Dawson, D., & Shepherd, D. (2020). Geometric description for the anatomy of the mitral valve: A review. Journal of Anatomy, 237(2), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13196
03
Goldman, S. (Ed.). (2022). Diagnosis and treatment of mitral valve disease - E-book: A multidisciplinary approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.
ORTHOPEDICS
OTHER

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